The decay is magical, turning waste into wealth
2023-12-22 05:08:56
——Discussions on the recovery and use of discarded paper products at home and abroad Waste paper products mainly refer to paper wastes such as waste paper, waste paperboard and waste paper molding products. Such wastes can be cleaned if they are reasonably used. The environment can also save resources. It is indeed a move to benefit the country and the people. However, it is regrettable that the state of recycling of discarded paper products in China today is very unsatisfactory: on the one hand, a large number of waste paper products have been abandoned or blindly burned, and on the other hand, some departments have imported a large amount of waste from abroad. Paper products, this can not be said to be a result of "national conditions" is limited, polluting the environment, a waste of resources strange phenomenon. In the following, we will introduce some domestic and international situations of recycling and utilization of discarded paper products, and discuss some of our own opinions in light of the issue of recycled paper and paper products.
China is a world leader in papermaking. In recent years, the output of paper products has been over 10 million tons per year. However, China is also a major shortage of papermaking materials. In recent years, a large amount of foreign exchange has been spent each year to import large quantities of papermaking raw materials from abroad. ——Wood pulp board and waste paper, but a large number of waste paper products produced in China are recovered due to poor management, low purchase prices, and other reasons, resulting in a serious imbalance in the supply and demand of paper-making materials. The author thinks that the domestic waste paper product recovery rate is not high (about 30% or so), the low price is admittedly the main reason; the low level of management does not have to be rumored. According to survey data, about 30 years ago, China’s waste paper purchase price was about 0.60 yuan per kilogram, and the best purchase price has only been raised by a little more than 0.10 yuan, a large number of waste products on the streets. Acquisition hawker offers are even lower. Think about how waste paper recycling prices have been almost in place for decades. Who would like to participate enthusiastically in recycling? There is still a little-known phenomenon; that is, some scrap purchasers are heavily contaminated with waste paper sold to papermaking companies (it is said that sometimes one ton of waste paper has a water content of up to 50%), which makes papermaking The company clamored for the lack of success, so it voted for the return of the newspaper to Li, squeezing their teeth and pressing down the price of the acquisition, resulting in the recycling of waste paper products in a non-recycling state. As the papermaking enterprises in China generally require less than 20% of the moisture content of recycled paper products, it is stable and of reliable quality, even if the imported waste paper with high prices seems to be more interested, which has led many state-owned large and medium-sized paper companies to be unwilling Acquiring or reducing the acquisition of domestic waste paper products. However, it is not coincident that the author has learned that Zhejiang Fuyang is ingenious in recycling waste paper products. The city has more than 100 paper mills, large or small, that use recycled paper products. The total annual output is at least 10,000 tons. Most are better. In order to facilitate the trade of the manufacturers, Fuyang City also set up a professional market for waste paper products. It is reported that it is the largest waste paper product trading market in East China. According to a paper-manufacturer in Guangdong, a paper-making product manufacturer introduced its use of waste paper as a raw material for the production of paper-type packaging materials, which can save more than 17,500 cubic meters of wood in terms of design capacity, and can also save a lot of energy. Beijing Paper Mill No.7, which was once the largest polluter in Beijing, with the help of research institutes such as Tsinghua University, was the first in the country to start the development of office recycled paper. Recently, it has formed a batch production capacity. It is reported that an annual production of office recycled paper is 20,000. Ton. All these positive and negative phenomena are worth our careful consideration: Is it feasible to recycle waste paper products? Who caused the imbalance in the recycling of waste paper products; what should we do or can we do? However, it is unfair to attribute this problem entirely to domestic papermaking companies. Recycling waste paper products as a measure of environmental protection should say that everyone has certain responsibilities.
On the other hand, China’s Taiwan region and its neighboring Japan are the typical examples of using resources to attach importance to environmental protection. At present, the paper industry in Taiwan has changed from an early environmental pollution-prone industry to an environment-improving industry. The fundamental reason is that Taiwan’s paper industry is very strict on environmental protection. For example, Taiwan’s relevant authorities and enterprises are concerned about harmful gases that the world is currently concerned about destroying the Earth’s atmosphere. They all attach great importance to the fact that now Taiwan's entire province uses more than 4 million tons of waste paper products, which means that more than 4 million cubic meters of carbon dioxide are reduced and a lot of resources are saved. According to incomplete statistics, Taiwan imports about 1.5 million tons of waste paper products each year. Currently, 82% of industrial paper production on the island uses waste paper products as raw materials, and after one-time use, its products can still be recycled for use. It is good for the environment. It is reported that Taiwan’s Zhenglong Company is a large papermaking company on the island. Because it attaches great importance to environmental protection and actively promotes the use of waste, it is regarded as a model for the paper industry in Taiwan. The company not only established the environmental protection policy of “all employees participate in, cherish resources, and protect the environmentâ€, but also has clear specific target responsibilities; (1) environmental management system protection; (2) clean production technology development; (3) industrial production Reduce waste. There are not a few companies that have such strong environmental awareness in Taiwan. Every city in Japan, especially in Tokyo, people will see that there are recycling bins for waste paper products with classified newspapers, magazines and wrapping papers everywhere in the vicinity of corporate institutions, high-end apartments and ordinary houses. According to the different quality of the paper, it is classified and recycled, and then sent to the paper-making company to copy it again to return the finished product to the market. Most of Japan’s magazines, high school textbooks, and study notebooks are printed on recycled paper, and even business cards are the same. Therefore, it is often possible to see on business cards that “this card is made of recycled paperâ€. At present, Japan is organizing the development of advanced recycled paper recycling technology. Paper companies in the country claim that by the end of this century, the utilization of waste paper products in Japan will reach 56%. According to reports, the Japan Pavilion of the Expo Hanover World Expo is actually built entirely with waste paper, which is awesome! There is a divergence between the two sides of the water, and the examples of waste utilization in Taiwan and Japan are endless, but the author thinks this is not simply because of the lack of island resources.
Those who have visited the United States would like to know that in every city in the U.S., there are many large-scale dedicated trucks that collect yellow paper bags along the street every morning, and yellow paper bags contain waste paper products. It should be said that the management departments of every state and every city in the United States are trying to establish many rules and create more convenient conditions to facilitate the recycling and reuse of waste paper products. Therefore, the United States has become the world's export waste paper. One of the largest countries. It is reported that in 1995, waste paper recycling in the United States reached 36 million tons, of which more than 10 million tons were exported to Asia and Europe, accounting for almost one-third of its total waste paper exports. More information states that the US recovered nearly 100 million tons of waste paper products in 1998, and it is reported that relevant departments in the country have decided that by the end of this century, the recycling rate of waste paper products in the United States will increase from the current 44.8% to more than 50%; the federal government It is also clearly stated that it is required to promote the use of recycled paper throughout the country in order to promote the recovery and utilization of waste resources and achieve the dual purposes of environmental protection and conservation. Although the United States does not have a strict and comprehensive packing order similar to that of the European countries, as the world’s largest industrial country, the United States had promulgated “MIL-HDBK742 Disposal Standards for Military Packaging Materials Discarded†as early as 1973, and later in the early 1990s. Formulated the "Resource Protection and Recycling Law." It is worth mentioning that a plastic recycling mark passed by the 36 states of the United States in 1993 was to put a number from 1 to 7 in a triangular mark, and then put these triangles in plastic containers of different materials. Above, such as: 1 for polyester plastic (PET), 2 for high density polyethylene (HDPE), 3 for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 4 for low density polyethylene (LDPE), 5 for polypropylene (PP), 6 stands for polystyrene (PS) and 7 stands for other plastics. U.S. legislation requires that all domestic plastic products that are marketed must be marked with this standard. This does not require too much extra cost, but also greatly increases the recycling rate and handling convenience of consumer plastics. It should be said that this method is worthy of our reference in the recycling of waste paper products.
Germany ranks first in the world with 66.5% waste paper recycling efficiency. The acquisition of this laurel depends not only on the long-standing consciousness of the Germans, but also on the strictness of the national legislation. Germany was the first country in the world to pay attention to the recycling and use of packaging waste. As early as in 1991, it issued a more stringent "Packaging-V packaging waste disposal" ordinance. The goals of this decree administration are:
The packaging must meet the requirements of environmental protection, and the packaging materials used can be recycled and utilized.
Minimize the production of packaging waste by:
1 For the protection of goods and sales of goods, the quantity and weight of packaging should be limited to the minimum range.
2 In the case that the technical conditions permit and are consistent with the relevant provisions of the goods, the package must be re-used.
3 If there is no re-use condition, the packaging material can be recycled and used after processing.
The ordinance also clearly puts forward specific indicators for the recycling rate of packaging waste implemented in three phases. The recovery rate of paper products in the first phase is 30%, the second phase is 60-80%, and the third phase must reach 80%. By 1994, Germany had also promulgated the "Law on Recycling and Waste Management," which stipulated comprehensively the responsibilities of producers, sellers and users of packaged products. The law requires manufacturers of packaging materials to assume responsibility for their products. "Cradle to Grave" is the legal responsibility of the entire life cycle. Germany uses green dot marking for the packaging of goods. The marking is printed on the main surface of the packaging, indicating that the packaging has been accepted as a retail package, and that the packaging material can be recycled and recycled. Packagers must not only pay DSD organizations to obtain the green dot logo, but also contract with DSD's recycling center, otherwise your product will not enter the market. German schools began to recycle and recycle waste paper products from kindergarten. Where the school textbooks are printed on recycled paper, they are provided free of charge to students every semester. They are sent back to the next grade students after they are used up, and they continue to cycle. Germany's residential and public places are equipped with waste recycling bins for recycling waste paper and plastics. When customers in the mall come out of the gate, they can consciously peel off the packaging paper and put it in the recycling bin. A country has done such a good job of recycling waste materials. It should be said that the advanced nature of its manifestation far exceeds its material benefits!
Other European countries, such as Britain, France, Italy, Denmark, the Netherlands, Switzerland, etc., including the European Community, have relatively specific management methods for packaging waste. Looking at the management of packaging waste in advanced industrial countries can be summarized in two broad categories: one is the issuance of strict legal regulations, such as the prohibition of certain non-degradable packaging materials, mandatory recycling of recyclable waste; The other type is the use of economic leverage, such as: the collection of packaging tax and garbage disposal tax, the implementation of the package deposit system, etc., and from the legal and economic aspects to make their own citizens to join the rational use of resources and ecological protection of the environment Come in. The long-term propaganda and education and the corresponding legal constraints have caused the people of the above countries and regions to play a subtle and ideological role first. The strong resources and awareness of environmental protection ensure the implementation of relevant laws and regulations of the country. My people, who are all very weak in consciousness, cannot be a good example. It was recently learned that the State Administration of Taxation plans to increase the consumption tax on some leather, chemical and plastic products. Its intention is to prompt these non-environmental production industries to embark on the path of technological and environmental protection as soon as possible, and not to increase the burden on the environmental protection and sanitation departments.
Associating with the so-called “visual pollution equivalent theory†and “pan-recovery theory†that have emerged around the entry market for paper molded products and the fading out of foamed plastics, the author does show shame for some people to pursue commercial interests and violate scientific principles. It is known that the so-called "white pollution" is not a problem of visual pollution in the literal sense, but mainly refers to the pollution of the natural environment with white plastic waste that is difficult to degrade and utilize, as represented by waste expanded polystyrene (EPS) packaging. And damage, this pollution is more reflected in the EPS after a large number of abandoned products are difficult to deal with the environmental hazards. We understand that "pollution" should not be a low-level "hygiene problem." The most essential issue is whether this type of waste is toxic or harmful to the human body and the environment. However, there are many difficulties in the disposal of waste EPS products. The waste paper mold products are also suspected of being "white", but they can be completely degraded in the short term, and the second one can be recycled at a low cost of 100%. "Contamination"
China is a world leader in papermaking. In recent years, the output of paper products has been over 10 million tons per year. However, China is also a major shortage of papermaking materials. In recent years, a large amount of foreign exchange has been spent each year to import large quantities of papermaking raw materials from abroad. ——Wood pulp board and waste paper, but a large number of waste paper products produced in China are recovered due to poor management, low purchase prices, and other reasons, resulting in a serious imbalance in the supply and demand of paper-making materials. The author thinks that the domestic waste paper product recovery rate is not high (about 30% or so), the low price is admittedly the main reason; the low level of management does not have to be rumored. According to survey data, about 30 years ago, China’s waste paper purchase price was about 0.60 yuan per kilogram, and the best purchase price has only been raised by a little more than 0.10 yuan, a large number of waste products on the streets. Acquisition hawker offers are even lower. Think about how waste paper recycling prices have been almost in place for decades. Who would like to participate enthusiastically in recycling? There is still a little-known phenomenon; that is, some scrap purchasers are heavily contaminated with waste paper sold to papermaking companies (it is said that sometimes one ton of waste paper has a water content of up to 50%), which makes papermaking The company clamored for the lack of success, so it voted for the return of the newspaper to Li, squeezing their teeth and pressing down the price of the acquisition, resulting in the recycling of waste paper products in a non-recycling state. As the papermaking enterprises in China generally require less than 20% of the moisture content of recycled paper products, it is stable and of reliable quality, even if the imported waste paper with high prices seems to be more interested, which has led many state-owned large and medium-sized paper companies to be unwilling Acquiring or reducing the acquisition of domestic waste paper products. However, it is not coincident that the author has learned that Zhejiang Fuyang is ingenious in recycling waste paper products. The city has more than 100 paper mills, large or small, that use recycled paper products. The total annual output is at least 10,000 tons. Most are better. In order to facilitate the trade of the manufacturers, Fuyang City also set up a professional market for waste paper products. It is reported that it is the largest waste paper product trading market in East China. According to a paper-manufacturer in Guangdong, a paper-making product manufacturer introduced its use of waste paper as a raw material for the production of paper-type packaging materials, which can save more than 17,500 cubic meters of wood in terms of design capacity, and can also save a lot of energy. Beijing Paper Mill No.7, which was once the largest polluter in Beijing, with the help of research institutes such as Tsinghua University, was the first in the country to start the development of office recycled paper. Recently, it has formed a batch production capacity. It is reported that an annual production of office recycled paper is 20,000. Ton. All these positive and negative phenomena are worth our careful consideration: Is it feasible to recycle waste paper products? Who caused the imbalance in the recycling of waste paper products; what should we do or can we do? However, it is unfair to attribute this problem entirely to domestic papermaking companies. Recycling waste paper products as a measure of environmental protection should say that everyone has certain responsibilities.
On the other hand, China’s Taiwan region and its neighboring Japan are the typical examples of using resources to attach importance to environmental protection. At present, the paper industry in Taiwan has changed from an early environmental pollution-prone industry to an environment-improving industry. The fundamental reason is that Taiwan’s paper industry is very strict on environmental protection. For example, Taiwan’s relevant authorities and enterprises are concerned about harmful gases that the world is currently concerned about destroying the Earth’s atmosphere. They all attach great importance to the fact that now Taiwan's entire province uses more than 4 million tons of waste paper products, which means that more than 4 million cubic meters of carbon dioxide are reduced and a lot of resources are saved. According to incomplete statistics, Taiwan imports about 1.5 million tons of waste paper products each year. Currently, 82% of industrial paper production on the island uses waste paper products as raw materials, and after one-time use, its products can still be recycled for use. It is good for the environment. It is reported that Taiwan’s Zhenglong Company is a large papermaking company on the island. Because it attaches great importance to environmental protection and actively promotes the use of waste, it is regarded as a model for the paper industry in Taiwan. The company not only established the environmental protection policy of “all employees participate in, cherish resources, and protect the environmentâ€, but also has clear specific target responsibilities; (1) environmental management system protection; (2) clean production technology development; (3) industrial production Reduce waste. There are not a few companies that have such strong environmental awareness in Taiwan. Every city in Japan, especially in Tokyo, people will see that there are recycling bins for waste paper products with classified newspapers, magazines and wrapping papers everywhere in the vicinity of corporate institutions, high-end apartments and ordinary houses. According to the different quality of the paper, it is classified and recycled, and then sent to the paper-making company to copy it again to return the finished product to the market. Most of Japan’s magazines, high school textbooks, and study notebooks are printed on recycled paper, and even business cards are the same. Therefore, it is often possible to see on business cards that “this card is made of recycled paperâ€. At present, Japan is organizing the development of advanced recycled paper recycling technology. Paper companies in the country claim that by the end of this century, the utilization of waste paper products in Japan will reach 56%. According to reports, the Japan Pavilion of the Expo Hanover World Expo is actually built entirely with waste paper, which is awesome! There is a divergence between the two sides of the water, and the examples of waste utilization in Taiwan and Japan are endless, but the author thinks this is not simply because of the lack of island resources.
Those who have visited the United States would like to know that in every city in the U.S., there are many large-scale dedicated trucks that collect yellow paper bags along the street every morning, and yellow paper bags contain waste paper products. It should be said that the management departments of every state and every city in the United States are trying to establish many rules and create more convenient conditions to facilitate the recycling and reuse of waste paper products. Therefore, the United States has become the world's export waste paper. One of the largest countries. It is reported that in 1995, waste paper recycling in the United States reached 36 million tons, of which more than 10 million tons were exported to Asia and Europe, accounting for almost one-third of its total waste paper exports. More information states that the US recovered nearly 100 million tons of waste paper products in 1998, and it is reported that relevant departments in the country have decided that by the end of this century, the recycling rate of waste paper products in the United States will increase from the current 44.8% to more than 50%; the federal government It is also clearly stated that it is required to promote the use of recycled paper throughout the country in order to promote the recovery and utilization of waste resources and achieve the dual purposes of environmental protection and conservation. Although the United States does not have a strict and comprehensive packing order similar to that of the European countries, as the world’s largest industrial country, the United States had promulgated “MIL-HDBK742 Disposal Standards for Military Packaging Materials Discarded†as early as 1973, and later in the early 1990s. Formulated the "Resource Protection and Recycling Law." It is worth mentioning that a plastic recycling mark passed by the 36 states of the United States in 1993 was to put a number from 1 to 7 in a triangular mark, and then put these triangles in plastic containers of different materials. Above, such as: 1 for polyester plastic (PET), 2 for high density polyethylene (HDPE), 3 for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 4 for low density polyethylene (LDPE), 5 for polypropylene (PP), 6 stands for polystyrene (PS) and 7 stands for other plastics. U.S. legislation requires that all domestic plastic products that are marketed must be marked with this standard. This does not require too much extra cost, but also greatly increases the recycling rate and handling convenience of consumer plastics. It should be said that this method is worthy of our reference in the recycling of waste paper products.
Germany ranks first in the world with 66.5% waste paper recycling efficiency. The acquisition of this laurel depends not only on the long-standing consciousness of the Germans, but also on the strictness of the national legislation. Germany was the first country in the world to pay attention to the recycling and use of packaging waste. As early as in 1991, it issued a more stringent "Packaging-V packaging waste disposal" ordinance. The goals of this decree administration are:
The packaging must meet the requirements of environmental protection, and the packaging materials used can be recycled and utilized.
Minimize the production of packaging waste by:
1 For the protection of goods and sales of goods, the quantity and weight of packaging should be limited to the minimum range.
2 In the case that the technical conditions permit and are consistent with the relevant provisions of the goods, the package must be re-used.
3 If there is no re-use condition, the packaging material can be recycled and used after processing.
The ordinance also clearly puts forward specific indicators for the recycling rate of packaging waste implemented in three phases. The recovery rate of paper products in the first phase is 30%, the second phase is 60-80%, and the third phase must reach 80%. By 1994, Germany had also promulgated the "Law on Recycling and Waste Management," which stipulated comprehensively the responsibilities of producers, sellers and users of packaged products. The law requires manufacturers of packaging materials to assume responsibility for their products. "Cradle to Grave" is the legal responsibility of the entire life cycle. Germany uses green dot marking for the packaging of goods. The marking is printed on the main surface of the packaging, indicating that the packaging has been accepted as a retail package, and that the packaging material can be recycled and recycled. Packagers must not only pay DSD organizations to obtain the green dot logo, but also contract with DSD's recycling center, otherwise your product will not enter the market. German schools began to recycle and recycle waste paper products from kindergarten. Where the school textbooks are printed on recycled paper, they are provided free of charge to students every semester. They are sent back to the next grade students after they are used up, and they continue to cycle. Germany's residential and public places are equipped with waste recycling bins for recycling waste paper and plastics. When customers in the mall come out of the gate, they can consciously peel off the packaging paper and put it in the recycling bin. A country has done such a good job of recycling waste materials. It should be said that the advanced nature of its manifestation far exceeds its material benefits!
Other European countries, such as Britain, France, Italy, Denmark, the Netherlands, Switzerland, etc., including the European Community, have relatively specific management methods for packaging waste. Looking at the management of packaging waste in advanced industrial countries can be summarized in two broad categories: one is the issuance of strict legal regulations, such as the prohibition of certain non-degradable packaging materials, mandatory recycling of recyclable waste; The other type is the use of economic leverage, such as: the collection of packaging tax and garbage disposal tax, the implementation of the package deposit system, etc., and from the legal and economic aspects to make their own citizens to join the rational use of resources and ecological protection of the environment Come in. The long-term propaganda and education and the corresponding legal constraints have caused the people of the above countries and regions to play a subtle and ideological role first. The strong resources and awareness of environmental protection ensure the implementation of relevant laws and regulations of the country. My people, who are all very weak in consciousness, cannot be a good example. It was recently learned that the State Administration of Taxation plans to increase the consumption tax on some leather, chemical and plastic products. Its intention is to prompt these non-environmental production industries to embark on the path of technological and environmental protection as soon as possible, and not to increase the burden on the environmental protection and sanitation departments.
Associating with the so-called “visual pollution equivalent theory†and “pan-recovery theory†that have emerged around the entry market for paper molded products and the fading out of foamed plastics, the author does show shame for some people to pursue commercial interests and violate scientific principles. It is known that the so-called "white pollution" is not a problem of visual pollution in the literal sense, but mainly refers to the pollution of the natural environment with white plastic waste that is difficult to degrade and utilize, as represented by waste expanded polystyrene (EPS) packaging. And damage, this pollution is more reflected in the EPS after a large number of abandoned products are difficult to deal with the environmental hazards. We understand that "pollution" should not be a low-level "hygiene problem." The most essential issue is whether this type of waste is toxic or harmful to the human body and the environment. However, there are many difficulties in the disposal of waste EPS products. The waste paper mold products are also suspected of being "white", but they can be completely degraded in the short term, and the second one can be recycled at a low cost of 100%. "Contamination"
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