Recycling and use of municipal waste in Finland
2023-12-23 05:07:32
In the past 20 years, the Finnish government has continuously improved the way it processes urban waste, from all dumping, burying, to classified recycling, and recently proposed a series of waste reduction measures in order to minimize the amount of waste and its Pollution caused.
Helsinki, Finland, has a per capita household garbage of 315 kilograms per year. Effectively sorting and recycling urban waste can not only help maintain the urban environment, but also turn waste into treasure. According to the rubbish law promulgated by Finland in 1994, waste producers must classify the waste and then transport it to a waste disposal plant for classification and recycling. The Capital Garbage Administration has formulated specific regulations based on the rubbish law: For example, apartment buildings, office buildings, shops, and restaurants that produce more than 50 kilograms of waste paper and paperboard each week must classify waste paper and paperboard and put them into specialized garbage. Box; Where there are more than 10 households and residential buildings that produce more than 50 kilograms of bio-waste per week, a special biological waste container must be established. Bio-waste refers to degradable organic compounds such as surplus food, weed plants, and the like. The “Household Rubbish Guide†booklet printed by the Garbage Administration specifically guides residents on how to sort and recycle rubbish.
The residential areas and shopping centers in various towns and cities in Finland are equipped with different types of waste bins. When the Finns go out, they are used to conveniently placing old newspapers, empty glass bottles and used clothes piled up in their homes into classified recycling bins, or directly send the garbage to the waste sorting and collection points of three garbage disposal centers in the Helsinki region. At the recycling point, the metal scrap is sent to the metal processing plant for reflow, the glass bottle is sent to the glass factory as raw material, and the waste wood is sent to the thermal power plant for fuel, and the waste paper and cardboard are reused by the paper mill. For hazardous wastes such as waste oil, sulfuric acid, batteries, and pharmaceuticals, the Garbage Authority will send a special vehicle for recycling in the spring and fall each year, and then it will be sent to a factory that specializes in handling hazardous waste to carry out special incineration and use the thermal energy generated by incineration to generate electricity.
"Take it to the people and use it to the people." All costs required for the disposal of urban garbage are derived from the waste disposal fees paid by the residents, and the amount of fees is determined based on the capacity of the waste container and the number of dumps. In order to encourage residents to classify waste, the charges for classified waste are generally much lower than those for mixed waste.
In the process of disposal of waste, Finnish authorities attach great importance to environmental protection.埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃. In 2001, the center handled 680,000 tons of waste, of which 310,000 tons was recycled.
In August this year, a novel waste sorting and recycling station was put into use at this center. Residents and enterprises in the nearby area can directly drive the car to the trash sorting platform of the recycling station, and put the garbage into the corresponding recycling trailer box according to the signs on the classification reminder cards.
The center also has a bio-waste dismantling plant that specializes in bio-waste treatment and is finally made into fertilizer soil. In 2001, the plant produced this high-quality garden with fertilizer land of 15,000 cubic meters.
After sorting and recycling all kinds of garbage, there is still a considerable amount of mixed garbage dumped in the landfill. In order to further reduce the amount of waste dumped into the landfill, the center plans to build a mixed waste treatment plant in 2005 to reclassify the remaining mixed waste. Finally, only waste that cannot be recycled (such as plastics) is transported to the waste. Landfill site. This will not only greatly reduce the land area of ​​the landfill site, but will also no longer cause odor-polluting air due to the complete separation of biological waste. In addition, the mixed waste treatment plant will also separate nearly 200,000 tons of combustible waste each year, generating 600,000 kilowatt hours of energy.
In recent years, the center has placed special emphasis on improving environmental protection measures and minimizing the impact on the surrounding environment. The center monitors the air quality and the underground seepage water in the surrounding areas, collects the permeated water produced from the disposal of garbage in a temporary reservoir, and introduces it into a nearby sewage treatment plant for processing. At the same time, advanced equipment was installed at the landfill site to recover biogas, and a biogas power station was set up for use by residents in surrounding areas.
According to relevant department plans, by 2007, the traditional methods of dumping and burying garbage will be completely abandoned, all kinds of garbage will be maximally utilized, and the remaining garbage will also be used as fuel to produce heat energy.
In recent years, waste reduction has become the starting point for Finnish urban waste disposal. On August 14 this year, the Finnish government passed a plan to nearly double its garbage tax within three years in order to reduce the amount of garbage in the country.
In order to reduce the amount of garbage and improve the utilization of waste as soon as possible, the Finnish government will also take other effective measures. For example, certain restrictions are imposed on the biological waste dumped into the dump; the responsibility of product manufacturers and importers in handling the rubbish related to them is increased. In addition, relevant government departments will further participate in and promote the development of the waste treatment industry, and increase research and training in waste disposal.
Helsinki, Finland, has a per capita household garbage of 315 kilograms per year. Effectively sorting and recycling urban waste can not only help maintain the urban environment, but also turn waste into treasure. According to the rubbish law promulgated by Finland in 1994, waste producers must classify the waste and then transport it to a waste disposal plant for classification and recycling. The Capital Garbage Administration has formulated specific regulations based on the rubbish law: For example, apartment buildings, office buildings, shops, and restaurants that produce more than 50 kilograms of waste paper and paperboard each week must classify waste paper and paperboard and put them into specialized garbage. Box; Where there are more than 10 households and residential buildings that produce more than 50 kilograms of bio-waste per week, a special biological waste container must be established. Bio-waste refers to degradable organic compounds such as surplus food, weed plants, and the like. The “Household Rubbish Guide†booklet printed by the Garbage Administration specifically guides residents on how to sort and recycle rubbish.
The residential areas and shopping centers in various towns and cities in Finland are equipped with different types of waste bins. When the Finns go out, they are used to conveniently placing old newspapers, empty glass bottles and used clothes piled up in their homes into classified recycling bins, or directly send the garbage to the waste sorting and collection points of three garbage disposal centers in the Helsinki region. At the recycling point, the metal scrap is sent to the metal processing plant for reflow, the glass bottle is sent to the glass factory as raw material, and the waste wood is sent to the thermal power plant for fuel, and the waste paper and cardboard are reused by the paper mill. For hazardous wastes such as waste oil, sulfuric acid, batteries, and pharmaceuticals, the Garbage Authority will send a special vehicle for recycling in the spring and fall each year, and then it will be sent to a factory that specializes in handling hazardous waste to carry out special incineration and use the thermal energy generated by incineration to generate electricity.
"Take it to the people and use it to the people." All costs required for the disposal of urban garbage are derived from the waste disposal fees paid by the residents, and the amount of fees is determined based on the capacity of the waste container and the number of dumps. In order to encourage residents to classify waste, the charges for classified waste are generally much lower than those for mixed waste.
In the process of disposal of waste, Finnish authorities attach great importance to environmental protection.埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃 埃. In 2001, the center handled 680,000 tons of waste, of which 310,000 tons was recycled.
In August this year, a novel waste sorting and recycling station was put into use at this center. Residents and enterprises in the nearby area can directly drive the car to the trash sorting platform of the recycling station, and put the garbage into the corresponding recycling trailer box according to the signs on the classification reminder cards.
The center also has a bio-waste dismantling plant that specializes in bio-waste treatment and is finally made into fertilizer soil. In 2001, the plant produced this high-quality garden with fertilizer land of 15,000 cubic meters.
After sorting and recycling all kinds of garbage, there is still a considerable amount of mixed garbage dumped in the landfill. In order to further reduce the amount of waste dumped into the landfill, the center plans to build a mixed waste treatment plant in 2005 to reclassify the remaining mixed waste. Finally, only waste that cannot be recycled (such as plastics) is transported to the waste. Landfill site. This will not only greatly reduce the land area of ​​the landfill site, but will also no longer cause odor-polluting air due to the complete separation of biological waste. In addition, the mixed waste treatment plant will also separate nearly 200,000 tons of combustible waste each year, generating 600,000 kilowatt hours of energy.
In recent years, the center has placed special emphasis on improving environmental protection measures and minimizing the impact on the surrounding environment. The center monitors the air quality and the underground seepage water in the surrounding areas, collects the permeated water produced from the disposal of garbage in a temporary reservoir, and introduces it into a nearby sewage treatment plant for processing. At the same time, advanced equipment was installed at the landfill site to recover biogas, and a biogas power station was set up for use by residents in surrounding areas.
According to relevant department plans, by 2007, the traditional methods of dumping and burying garbage will be completely abandoned, all kinds of garbage will be maximally utilized, and the remaining garbage will also be used as fuel to produce heat energy.
In recent years, waste reduction has become the starting point for Finnish urban waste disposal. On August 14 this year, the Finnish government passed a plan to nearly double its garbage tax within three years in order to reduce the amount of garbage in the country.
In order to reduce the amount of garbage and improve the utilization of waste as soon as possible, the Finnish government will also take other effective measures. For example, certain restrictions are imposed on the biological waste dumped into the dump; the responsibility of product manufacturers and importers in handling the rubbish related to them is increased. In addition, relevant government departments will further participate in and promote the development of the waste treatment industry, and increase research and training in waste disposal.
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