Near Field Communication Technology Expands Telecom Smart Card Application
Recently, the application of Near Field Communication (NFC) technology has received extensive attention worldwide. Different roles such as telecom operators and mobile phone manufacturers at home and abroad have been applied for pilot applications, and some international associations have also actively promoted standardization. According to industry estimates, mobile phone applications based on near field communication technology will become the next killer application for mobile value-added services.
What is near field communication
1 Near Field Communication (NFC) technology
Near Field Communication (NFC), evolved from the integration of contactless radio frequency identification (RFID) and interconnect technology, by integrating inductive readers, inductive cards and peer-to-peer communication on a single chip. Function, using mobile terminals to achieve mobile payment, electronic ticketing, access control, mobile identification, anti-counterfeiting and other applications.
NFC uses 13.56MHz as the short-range communication frequency standard and is compatible with ISO 14443, ISO 15693, Felica and other RF standards. Its typical operating distance is only a few centimeters, the running distance is within 20cm, and the data transmission speed can be selected from 106Kb/s, 212Kb/s or 424Kb/s, and can be increased to about 1Mb in the future. NFC information transmission is achieved by electromagnetic induction coupling of the radio frequency portion of the spectrum.
2 Telecom smart card
The name of the smart card comes from the English term "Smart Card", which is a type of IC card (integrated circuit card). The smart card includes a central processing unit CPU, a programmable read only memory EEPROM, a random access memory RAM, and an in-card operating system COS (Chip Operating System) that is solidified in a read only memory ROM. The data in the card is divided into external reading and internal processing, which can ensure the data in the card is safe and reliable.
According to the industry of the application, the smart card can be further divided into: a telecom smart card, a financial smart card, an ID card smart card, an access control smart card, and the like. At present, the total number of cards issued by China's telecommunications industry has exceeded 2 billion, accounting for about 75% of the total number of IC cards issued in China. In 2006, China Unicom's telecom smart card circulation exceeded 127 million, and China Mobile's circulation was about 400 million.
The initial positioning of the telecom smart card is only the authentication authentication when the mobile phone logs into the network, and is usually called a SIM card or a UIM card. With the development of mobile communication technology and value-added service technology, telecom smart cards have developed into a powerful platform for operators to quickly carry out value-added services.
Near field communication technology and application
1 Research progress in near field communication technology
From the current situation, the main technical solutions related to near field communication include the following.
â— Dual interface card
The dual interface card is a card-based solution consisting of a microprocessor chip and an antenna coil connected to the microprocessor. The contact and non-contact interfaces are integrated, and the two interfaces share the same microprocessor and operate. System and EEPROM. The non-contact interface is powered by the electromagnetic field generated by the reader, and the energy supply and data transmission are realized by radio frequency. The contact interface is fully compatible with contact card applications and readers.
The mobile value-added service realized by the dual interface card solution is limited to the card simulation mode, such as an electronic wallet card, an electronic ticket, an access card, and the like. Current implementation methods include custom mobile phones and low-cost antenna components.
â— NFC
NFC is a technology solution based on mobile terminals, which integrates NFC control chip, contactless application chip (SmartMx) and RF antenna into mobile phones.
The NFC solution can implement three application modes of card simulation, reader simulation, and peer-to-peer communication, such as payment application, ticket application, anti-counterfeiting, advertisement, and data synchronization.
â— eNFC
eNFC is a way to integrate mobile phones and smart cards. The non-contact IC card application is placed in a (U)SIM card. The NFC chip communicates with the (U)SIM card through a single-wire communication protocol, which is more in line with the technical characteristics of the card separation. The original value-added applications such as mobile communication applications and contactless IC cards are managed by a unified single chip, enabling mobile operators to issue, manage, and manage (U)SIM cards and their value-added applications more securely, simply, and powerfully. Control, so it is favored by most operators.
2 Technical standardization
NFC was proposed by Philips and Sony and became an international standard on December 8, 2003, after being audited by the ISO/IEC (International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission), and was adopted by ECMA on March 18, 2004. (European Computer Manufacturers Association) is recognized as a European standard. The currently adopted standards are listed in ISO/IEC 18092 (NFCIP-1), ECMA-340, ECMA-352, ECMA-356, ECMA-362, ISO/IEC 21481 (NFCIP-2).
In order to promote the development and popularization of NFC technology, Philips, Sony and Nokia have created a non-profit industry association, the NFC Forum, to promote the implementation and standardization of NFC technology and ensure the cooperation between equipment and services. Currently, the NFC Forum has more than 100 members worldwide, including China's Fudan Microelectronics and Tsinghua Tongfang Microelectronics.
In August 2006, the NFC Forum officially released four technical documents on NFC, which made NFC have a clearer and more specific implementation direction, and also made important progress in the combination of NFC technology and mobile phones. These files include the NFC Data Exchange Format (NDEF), the NFC Record Type Definition (RTD), and the basic technical specifications of the RTD-related files and network resources (NFC Text RTD Technical Specification, NFC URI RTD). Technical Specification).
At present, some standards of NFC have not been determined. Since the USB organization voted on the high-speed interface between the SIM card and the mobile phone baseband in November 2006, the interface standard for connecting the SIM card to the NFC chip in the mobile phone has been delayed for a long time. . The work of the International Organization for Standardization on the NFC interface is still in progress.
3 Application models and domestic and international cases
Near field communication service supports card simulation, reader simulation, and peer-to-peer communication.
Card simulation: bank cards, loyalty cards, various types of stored value cards, identification, access control, industry cards and other applications;
Reader mode: for reading tag advertisements, anti-counterfeiting and other applications;
Peer-to-peer communication mode: Provides services such as data transmission and games between two NFC devices.
In recent years, many experiments on the application of NFC technology have been carried out at home and abroad, which laid a good foundation for technical improvement and application promotion, including:
Japan's NTT DoCoMo launched its non-contact IC card mobile wallet business in July 2004, hoping to gradually replace all the items that people put in the wallet with the mobile wallet.
The MONETA business based on non-contact IC card technology launched by SK Telecom in South Korea uses mobile phones and bank credit cards to enable users to use mobile phones for on-site payment services.
Nokia introduced the new 6131 near-field communication mobile phone and conducted experiments on applications such as e-wallet, bus application, and data service download; Bank of America piloted the use of mobile phones to provide MasterCard PayPass applications; Paris-based bus and subway systems used near-field communication technology It has realized the purchase of tickets and deductions for mobile phones, and launched the commercial version of SAGEM contactless mobile terminals and corresponding SIM cards; the near field communication applications from Europe to North America have gradually moved from pilot work to trial commercial use.
In June 2006, Nokia, Xiamen Mobile, Xiamen E-Tong Card Company and Philips Company jointly launched the first field trial of China's short-range communication mobile phone payment in Xiamen. Mobile phone payment for bus outlets, ferries, restaurants, cinemas, convenience stores and other business outlets covered by Xiamen Yitong Card is realized by using Nokia3220 mobile phone.
On March 13, 2007, the mobile authentication service was officially launched in Shanghai. This business was jointly implemented by Nokia Corporation and Shanghai Quality Supervision and Shanghai Fire Protection. Law enforcement personnel only need to use the near-field communication mobile phone with customized anti-counterfeiting application to read the global unique identification code of the electronic tag attached to the fireworks and firecrackers anytime and anywhere, and upload it to the anti-counterfeiting server and database verification in real time.
On May 17, 2007, the Yangtze River Palm Card, jointly issued by Chongqing Mobile, Chongqing Commercial Bank and Junhang Business Co., Ltd., was officially put into commercial use. It has two forms of standard non-contact IC card and mobile phone paste card, which can be widely used in traditional retail industry, network digital product consumption, utility charging service, and intelligent management.
Hubei Telecom currently cooperates with Wuhan Tianyu to develop a non-contact IC card application based on PHS. The application is preset in the card. Currently, the preset applications include bus cards and campus cards.
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