Use of inkjet printing technology
Inkjet printing technology originated in the late 19th century and emerged in the 1990s. Its equipment has the characteristics of low cost and good environmental protection, and has become one of the most abundant and extensive technical means in the field of digital printing. It mainly includes: small inkjet printers, large format inkjet printers, inkjet printing equipment, digital printing equipment, etc. As a product of digitization and computer technology, inkjet printing covers part of the printing market that traditional printing cannot involve, and gradually expands into multiple fields, and the market prospect is very broad.
1. Basic principles of inkjet printing
Inkjet printing is a non-contact, non-pressure, non-plate printing method, controlled by the system controller. Inkjet controller, nozzle, substrate drive mechanism, etc. The ink is printed on the substrate from the nozzle of the nozzle under the control of the inkjet controller. Color inkjet printers usually have high temperature and high pressure printing and normal temperature and pressure type Print in two ways. The former is represented by Canon's bubble technology and HP's thermal technology, while the latter is represented by Epson's ultra-micro piezoelectric printing technology. Thermal method bubble relies on the heat of a small resistance to evaporate the surrounding ink and generate bubbles. The expansion of the bubble presses the ink to be ejected from the nozzle to the substrate. After the ejection, the bubble disappears, and the new ink is sucked from the ink tank to produce a continuous The way bubbles work. The technology of micro piezoelectric inkjet is to place the piezoelectric chip above the inkjet nozzle, apply a little current to the chip, generate vibration, and eject the ink by vibration.
2. Current status of inkjet printing technology in China
The inkjet printing industry in China is not far off from abroad, but there is still a big gap in terms of R & D, production, sales and application compared with developed countries such as the United States and Japan. In terms of regional distribution, it is mainly concentrated in the economically developed Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai and Beijing. At present, the application of inkjet printing in China is in a polarized situation. At one end is the low-end market. Most of the equipment used is non-production inkjet printers. Most of the printing jobs are short-term black and white jobs, and a small amount of color jobs. At the other end is the high-end market. The inkjet printing equipment used by practitioners is mostly production-type digital inkjet printers. The printing is not only ultra-short color prints, but also many personalized, variable data color prints. . Customers of such digital printing companies pay more attention to quality and service, and have high requirements for color and printing quality.
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3. Advantages and characteristics of inkjet printing
1. Inkjet printing is a fully digital printing, completely deviating from the tedious procedures of the traditional printing process, the requirements for color overprinting and trapping are not high, there is no need to consider registration accuracy, the operation preparation time is short, the market is reflected quickly, and the operation is produced The cycle is short, and the production of digital proofs and short-run jobs can be completed with very high time efficiency and cost efficiency.
2. Realize variable data printing and customized printing, and the image information can be changed at any time to meet the user's short-run printing jobs and personalized printing needs, such as personal photo albums, product descriptions, materials, test products, and packaging samples.
3. One sheet printing, reduce waste, more flexible printing services, usually have an advantage within a thousand prints.
4. The digital features make it easier to introduce digital integration technologies such as digital asset management, automated workflow and color management.
5. It can realize off-site printing and provide remote printing service through Internet transmission, which is especially suitable for quick printing of cross-regional chain operation.
6. Most inkjet printing technologies are non-contact printing, which can be replicated on a variety of printing materials, such as variable inkjet printing on various commodity production lines.
7. Digital web inkjet printing equipment is not limited by the length of the paper, and can realize the reproduction of large-format and panoramic works.
4. Factors affecting the quality of inkjet printing
There are several factors to measure the quality of inkjet equipment printing:
1. Color management software: The printer driver should be able to provide rich color management functions, because the printer uses the RGB primary colors in optics to create CMYK four-color printing. Only by accurately converting the colors can the official high-quality results be obtained.
2. Printing resolution: Printing resolution means that multiple ink dots can be printed on a 1 inch width, regardless of whether the ink dots overlap. The higher the resolution, the smaller the ink marks and gradation dots are, and the quality is The better.
3. Printing speed: the data transmission speed between the inkjet printer and the computer, the size of the buffer memory is to solve the bottleneck of the printing speed, and the width of the inkjet print head and the number of nozzles per color are important parameters that determine the printing speed.
4. Color gradation: The basic requirement of the color inkjet printer nozzle is that it must have accurate color reproduction. At present, color inkjet printing has four-color to eight-color large color gamut inkjet printing, and spot color printing is also possible, which is extremely Meet the industry's demand for full-color reproduction.
5. Nozzle control system: The ink dots are sprayed onto the substrate through the nozzle. The position and speed of the nozzle drive system gears, transmission belts, electronic control system, etc. must ensure the precise position of the nozzle.
6. Ink: Inkjet printing ink includes dye ink, pigment ink, oily ink, UV ink, etc. Dyes and inks will fade and are not waterproof under ultraviolet radiation, suitable for indoor prints; pigment inks have good light and water fastness, but color performance is not satisfactory; oily inks are mainly used for outdoor product trademarks, advertising, etc. Good water resistance, UV resistance, and wear resistance; UV curing inks are widely used because of their good media adaptability, fast drying, and colorful colors.
7. Printing materials: Inkjet printers are selective and supportive of printing media. The differences in the quality of various printing materials such as whiteness, fineness, and ink absorption will greatly affect the output effect. Color inkjet substrates are specially coated on the surface of ordinary printing materials, with excellent ink absorption capacity. There is no ink flow and flowering during high-precision printing, and the ink absorption dots are solid and not intertwined, so they are completely maintained. Original color and clarity.
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5. The process of inkjet printing from the surface of the technical layer
The innovation and improvement of inkjet technology focus on the fineness of ink droplets, the color levels that can be expressed, the number of colors, the sharpness of images, and the printing speed. The technical process of improving the quality of color inkjet printing has gone through the following stages:
The first stage is to pursue resolution. Mainly by improving the physical resolution of the inkjet head itself and the interpolation resolution of information data processing. On the premise of not slowing down the speed of the inkjet printer, the interpolation resolution uses precise mathematical calculations to allow the printer to automatically fill in smaller points between the edges, points and points of the curve, relying on multiple tight repairs To create smoother edges.
The second stage is to improve the print quality, mainly by improving the color gamut, saturation of the ink and the printability of the printing material to improve the color expressiveness and image clarity of the inkjet. High-quality color output with tone gradation and exquisite picture.
The third stage is the use of tiny ink droplet technology. The volume of ink droplets in color inkjet printers is consistently decreasing, and the regular shape of ink droplets is improved by the nozzle. The obvious change brought by the tiny ink drop technology is to enhance the ability of the printer to output details, improve the fineness of the image, and reduce the graininess.
The fourth stage is to increase the speed of inkjet printing. In a modern society with a high rhythm and a high level, inkjet printers must meet both high quality and high speed.
The fifth stage is to reduce costs. Reduce the cost of printing consumables through technological innovations and increase the range of substrates.
Six, simple maintenance of inkjet printers
Inkjet printers should pay attention to the following maintenance items in their daily use:
1. Pay attention to a good use environment. You must ensure that the environment of use is clean and that the printer is working on a stable level surface;
2. Correctly handle the replacement of the ink cartridge. Pay attention to the originality and compatibility of the ink. Be sure to follow the steps in the operation manual when ringing the ink cartridge. It is best not to remove the ink cartridge when it is not used up. The ink cartridge should be placed at room temperature to avoid direct sunlight when not in use for a long time.
3. Maintenance of the print head. Return the print head to the initial position before shutting down to obtain the seal of the machine protective cover, so that the print head is not easy to block; do not move the print head forcibly, otherwise it will cause damage to the mechanical parts of the printer. Turn off the printer.
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7. Application of inkjet printing in various market segments
From the perspective of consumer market usage, inkjet printers can be basically divided into the following market segments, of which the commercial printing market is the most active.
1. Home appliance market: The promotion of digital imaging has driven the demand for printers from home users. Small and inexpensive inkjet printers in this market have surpassed the business user market and become the mainstream application field in the inkjet printing market.
2. Commercial office market: Commercial offices must be frequently printed and a large number of printed documents, color report pictures, and more stringent requirements are placed on the reliability, maintainability, and convenience of network sharing printing. Mid- and high-end inkjet printers, Inkjet printing equipment is the mainstay of this market.
3. Photo output market: With the popularization of digital image input devices such as digital camera box scanners, high-quality photo output has become an important demand market. The biggest advantage of using a printer is its controllability. By adjusting the computer graphics software, the photos can be made colorful, processed with graphic information, and more artistic.
4. Professional output field: the design output of graphic design departments such as advertising and pre-press digital proofing in the printing industry, they put forward higher requirements on the consistency of the output color of the printer, the stability of the ink and the corresponding consumables. Especially for printing proofs, complex color management software must be used to enable the output inkjet proofs to reproduce the matching print proofs.
5. Bill printing market: bills such as public utilities, telecommunications, postal, various types of tickets, banks, securities, insurance, etc. carry part of variable data, and the personalized features are becoming more and more obvious, so they can be personalized and variable in this field There are more and more opportunities in the inkjet printing market for data printing.
6. Commercial printing market: The distinguishing feature of the commercial printing market from the general printed products is the pursuit of "zero inventory" to improve efficiency and reduce waste. Training materials, advertisements, instructions for customized products, various hotel recipes, exhibition samples, color business cards, school graduation certificates, personalized picture albums, tenders, etc. are all formed in short and ultra-short versions. The desire for digital printing.
7. Anti-counterfeiting printing market: In anti-counterfeiting printing, many need to use two-dimensional barcodes, random production serial numbers and other variable data methods to achieve, and variable data must be completed using digital inkjet printers. Therefore, inkjet printing has great market potential in anti-counterfeiting printing.
8. Development Trend of Digital Inkjet Technology in China
Inkjet technology promotes the development of digital proofing. As the inkjet printing resolution approaches the quality level of offset printing, it will become a key technology to support the CTP workflow, will replace offset printing plate proofing, and occupy the printing proofing market.
Inkjet printing will coexist with screen printing. Large-scale advertising prints used to be the world of screen printing, but in the near future, the market share of large-format digital printing equipment will gradually expand. At present, the inkjet printing method has been widely used in street advertising, body advertising, light boxes, plaques, etc. with lower resolution, larger printing format and continuous printing performance without length limitation.
UV ink will increase its application in inkjet printers. The UV curing method has been widely adopted by inkjet printers. The manufacturing technology and control technology of UV inkjet printing heads are constantly improving. UV curing ink has three major features: energy-saving drying; extensive printing suitability for substrates; high-speed curing can shorten the subsequent process time.
Digital inkjet has a bright future in packaging and printing. Many packaging and printing manufacturers and end users are exploring the application of inkjet printing in the packaging field. Inkjet printing can be used in plastic bottles, metal foils, personalized corrugated boxes and shaped corrugated boxes. High-quality printing directly on various media such as labels. For commodity manufacturers to increase the display of variable information memory to consumers, improve low-cost production samples, and a small number of test-market products. In the future, inkjet printing will become a mainstream technology and adopted by the packaging and printing industry, and will play an important role in the future product packaging market.
The fully digital workflow of inkjet printing is in line with the development trend of digital printing and networking. We look forward to the arrival of a new era of digital inkjet printing. In the near future, inkjet printing technology will penetrate into a wider market and inject new vitality into the modern printing industry.
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