Comparison of high-fidelity printing and high-definition printing
With the development of computer technology and the application of digital screen technology, high-fidelity color printing technology has become one of the research hotspots in the field of printing and packaging. High-fidelity printing can improve the quality of printed matter, expand the color expression space, and make the printing reproduction effect closer to the real scenery. It is the first choice for printing high-quality printed matter. In general, high-fidelity printed matter has higher definition, so people often confuse high-fidelity printing with high-definition printing. This article will compare and analyze high-fidelity printing and high-definition printing.
1 Definition
High-fidelity printing (Hi-Fi Color Printing) is relative to four-color printing, which is improved by adding red, green, blue, orange and other color inks on the basis of C, M, Y, K four-color printing Reproducibility and authenticity of printing colors.
High-definition dots refer to amplitude modulation dots higher than 250 lpi, that is, amplitude modulation dots with a 100% dot diameter less than 125 μm, and frequency modulation dots with an equivalent diameter below 20 μm. With the goal of improving the clarity of printed matter, printing with high-definition dots is called high-definition printing. High-definition printing technology can effectively reduce the pitch of the dots and improve the clarity and level performance of the printed matter.
2 Color gamut
The main characteristics of high-fidelity printing technology include three aspects: first, in addition to black ink, C, M, Y and other added color inks are involved in color separation and neutral gray balance; second, the change of printing color tone Compared with the four-color printing, it is closer to the effect of the change of the real spectral color, and the printed product has a strong sense of layering and three-dimensional sense; third, the printing color gamut is increased. In four-color printing, due to the limitations of ink materials and production processes, the spectral curve of the ink has a large gap with the spectral curve of the ideal color, and the printing color gamut is small.
New color inks have been added to high-fidelity printing. When using high-fidelity printing, users can adopt appropriate coloring schemes according to their actual conditions. Because different manuscripts require different themes to be expressed, the color focus to be expressed It is also different. For example, when printing strawberries, red and green are the key points of color expression. At this time, red and green can be added as base colors. Different ink combinations are used, and the expansion range of the color gamut is also different. For example, printing with C, M, Y, K and then adding R, G, B three-color ink, the secondary colors R, G, B can be reproduced vividly, and the color gamut range has been significantly expanded.
The high-definition printing technology is to improve the clarity of the printed matter as much as possible. The quality of the printed matter mainly depends on how many dots per unit area and how many dots continuously change from small to large. The greater the number of dots per unit area, the higher the clarity of the printed matter, the more the dots change, the better the level of expressiveness of the printed matter, the better the print quality and appearance. However, the printing color gamut will not increase because the color gamut is determined by the color of the primary color ink. As long as the primary color ink remains unchanged, the printed color gamut will not change. At present, only high-fidelity printing technology can really expand the color gamut of image printing, making the printed colors brighter and more vivid, and closer to the real effect of nature.
3 Key technologies
The key technology of high-fidelity printing is color separation, that is, how to correctly decompose the colors in the original into different primary color components. At present, there are two commonly used color separation modes: One is the color conversion principle proposed by ICC (International Color Consortium), that is, the original color is converted into the printed color separation through ICC Profile, and the actual method is to look up the table. Compared with the four-color separation, high-fidelity printing requires a reasonable division of the hue interval of the color space, so that the ink color matching input color has the smallest metamerism index, and improve the matching accuracy. The second is to measure the tristimulus values ​​of the four colors of CMYK and the RGB intercolor obtained by overprinting, and use the Neugebauer equation to calculate the color separation color value of the printing, that is, the dot area ratio for color separation, which is a mathematical model. The goal of high-fidelity color separation is to make the color of the printed matter as close as possible to the visual experience of the real scene.
The key technology of high-definition printing is the reduction of dot size and the proper arrangement of dots. Use FM dots for high-definition printing. The smaller the dots, the more dots per unit area, and the better the layer performance. The printed matter of FM screening has high definition, and is not limited by the angle of the screen. There will be no "rose spots" and "turtle patterns" like amplitude modulation dots, which has obvious advantages. However, the FM network has greater spatial resolution redundancy and lower tone resolution, so it is suitable for printing images with strong texture and rich details. When printing with AM dots, choose a suitable dot arrangement to avoid "rose spots". AM dots are suitable for printing images with delicate color and light changes. At present, high-definition amplitude modulation dots can make full use of the potential of existing equipment to maximize the clarity and fineness of printed matter.
4 Anti-counterfeiting performance
High-fidelity printing has anti-counterfeiting function. When printing, users choose different coloring schemes and color separation schemes according to their own conditions, so that the printing ink composition has a distinctive uniqueness, and the printing color gamut has obvious changes from conventional four-color printing. The process parameter data of the color separation model and the neutral gray model design are large, and every careful design will have a greater impact on the printing effect, so the user can have a special anti-counterfeiting solution. If you add a spot color, the anti-counterfeiting effect is very significant.
And high-definition printing itself does not have anti-counterfeiting function. Because it uses traditional four-color printing, as long as the characteristics of the printed products are carefully analyzed and the production process is carefully studied, it is likely to produce similar products. Of course, if you cooperate with other anti-counterfeiting measures, it is another matter.
5 Summary
High-fidelity printing breaks through the limitation of the four-color printing gamut, making printed products have more vivid and realistic colors. High-definition printing can improve the clarity and layering of the product, making the product look more upscale. However, both of them put forward higher requirements on the production process and production technology, especially high-fidelity printing requires 7-color printing, equipment investment and material costs, operating costs are very large. Users should choose between high-fidelity and high-definition printing according to their own situation. In the future, with the advancement of printing technology, high-fidelity printing and high-definition printing with high added value will definitely be commercialized.
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