Suzhou Changliu Purification: Discussion on the Safety Protection of Medical Laboratory Staff
Accidents in medical laboratories are inevitable. As medical testers have been exposed to various specimens of blood and body fluids that are biologically hazardous for a long time, they are all carriers of viruses, bacteria and other pathogens. These are extremely biologically hazardous. The infectious pathogenic factor, whether it is directly infected or indirectly spread to the environment, is a real or potential danger to human society, animals or plants. Since 2003, SARS virus leaks have occurred successively at home and abroad during SARS, which has caused the outbreak of SARS. This epidemic is characterized by nosocomial transmission and infection by medical staff [1, 2]. Medical personnel ranged from poor initial personal protection awareness to later overprotection. Among the infectious diseases discovered so far, such a high infection rate of medical personnel is the first time. This bloody lesson warns us that in the struggle between humans and diseases, medical personnel should effectively strengthen the awareness of biosecurity and attach great importance to the hospital For the control of infection, clinical laboratories should focus on both safety management and quality management, and cannot "retest lightly" [3]. Therefore, it is imperative to pay attention to laboratory biological safety protection.
1 Knowledge and education of biological safety protection
1.1 Strengthen skill development In the past, due to the defects of our medical education, the backwardness of educational concepts and the lack of knowledge sources, some data show that among the existing medical staff, only 10.8% of the relevant protection knowledge comes from teachers [4], And some of the subject leaders have high academic attainments, but they do not understand the basic knowledge of biosafety. This is one of the important gaps between us and developed countries in the concept of subject construction [3]. In order to improve the biosafety awareness and general prevention concept of laboratory staff, all personnel in the department should carefully study the "Regulations on the Control of Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory Biosafety", "Regulations on the Management of Medical Waste", "General Requirements for Experimental Biosafety", etc. Regulations and documents. Strengthen the cultivation of basic skills, so that the majority of clinical laboratory staff and technicians become qualified professionals who understand both "clinical testing" and laboratory biosafety.
1.2 Understand the relevant knowledge of biological safety and biological hazards such as: aerosol; microbial aerosol, including droplet aerosol and dust aerosol. Common laboratory biological hazards include: inhalation of microbial aerosols, stab wounds, cuts, ingestion, bites of infected animals, and laboratory-related infections of unknown cause.
1.3 Raise awareness of biosafety and emphasize the significance of biohazard and biosafety; consciously abide by the laboratory safety system, biosafety measures and operating procedures of the department, grasp the method of correctly handling accidents of laboratory biological factors, the operation of various instruments and equipment Steps and points; familiar with the use of biological safety equipment, such as the use of biological safety cabinets, isolation clothing, protective clothing, etc. Be familiar with all possible hazards.
2 Establish and improve laboratory biosafety operating procedures and governance systems
The establishment and improvement of laboratory biosafety operating procedures and governance systems provide protection for laboratory workers from biological hazards. Laboratory workers are the beneficiaries of biosecurity and the governors. They are the groups most vulnerable to biohazards and are the core of laboratory governance. Therefore, it is necessary to establish biosafety operating procedures and governance systems for various laboratories and establish laboratory personal files.
2.1 Staff training system for laboratory governance system: Laboratory staff must be trained in knowledge related to biosafety protection; Laboratory access system: There should be a safety warning sign or restricted entry sign for unrelated personnel at the entrance of the laboratory, and non-workers should not enter The working area of ​​the semi-contaminated and contaminated area of ​​the laboratory; safety inspection system: the door of the laboratory should be kept closed. Animals not related to the laboratory should not be brought into the laboratory. Good laboratory housekeeping behavior is prohibited. Food supplies, reagents or specimens are prohibited. Place the same refrigerator; laboratory disinfection and sterilization and waste disposal system: uncontaminated waste is thrown into the dirt barrel, and bacterial waste should be autoclaved and treated to avoid polluting laboratory staff and the environment.
2.2 Laboratory biosafety operating procedures According to different infection sources that laboratory workers are exposed to, different vaccines are injected regularly to enhance the fitness of laboratory workers; when laboratory workers enter the laboratory to work, according to laboratory biosafety Personal protection equipment principles Wear suitable work clothes or protective clothing, shoe covers or special shoes, etc .; when performing operations that may come into contact with blood, body fluids and other potentially infectious materials, wear gloves, if necessary, wear protective glasses, wear Isolation gown. It is strictly forbidden to wear sandals, slippers, open-toed and woven shoes in the laboratory. Laboratory staff should wear latex gloves or double-layer gloves when they have skin damage or rash on their hands. It is strictly forbidden to wear laboratory protective clothing to leave the laboratory work area. Laboratory workers should finish their work or leave the laboratory. After removal, you must wash your hands afterwards. According to the requirements for hand washing, wash your hands with soap under running water faucet and wipe your hands with alcohol; staff should follow the requirements of biological safety when collecting specimens, and wear work clothes, gloves and masks. To overcome the fluctuating psychology of laboratory staff, it is necessary to strengthen the concept of universal prevention [5] and use safe and reliable blood and body fluid supplies. Blood and body fluid specimens are the main specimens in the laboratory, and are also the main substances of potential harm in the laboratory. Safety issues in blood and body fluid testing are particularly important. China is a big country with hepatitis B infection and morbidity. In recent years, the discovery and prevalence of AIDS have caused great threats to inspectors who deal with blood and body fluids every day. Therefore, when collecting blood and body fluid specimens, the possibility of direct or indirect contact with these specimens by the inspector should be minimized. Vacuum blood collection tubes and disposable test tubes that match the instrument should be used. Try to avoid opening the lid to prevent the inhalation of microbial aerosols. The specimens are directly loaded onto the machine to form a fully enclosed system. Reduce the possibility of inspectors coming into direct or indirect contact with blood and body fluids during body fluid collection, blood collection, transportation, processing, onboarding, and waste disposal.
3 Laboratory cleaning and disinfection treatment
Cleaning and disinfection are important links to ensure biological safety governance. Only normal cleaning and disinfection can ensure safe work in a safe environment. The cleaning and disinfection of the laboratory should be in accordance with the requirements of biological safety protection, and abide by the principle of disinfection before cleaning. The items that need to be disinfected should be thoroughly disinfected without leaving any dead ends. All equipment, environment, and personnel that come into contact with pathogenic microorganisms should take corresponding disinfection treatment measures. Different objects should choose different disinfectants and disinfection methods to achieve the disinfection effect, but the premise is not to pollute the environment.
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