German scientists film "molecular movie" to observe atomic motion
For a long time, scientists have been expecting to be able to observe the internal atomic movement when the state of matter changes. To achieve this goal, slow imaging technology of 0.1 trillionth of a second (0.000 000 000 000 1 second, or 100 femtoseconds) must be used. To capture such ultra-fast motion, this technique must also be able to capture details smaller than the distance between atoms (equivalent to one millionth of the thickness of a hair). Recently, the German Max Planck Research Group on Structural Dynamics and the research team of the Free Electron Laser Center (CFEL) collaborated on the whole process of changing an ionic molecular crystal from an electrical insulator to a conductor after laser irradiation.
In 2003, the research team took this type of molecular image for the first time. With the continuous advancement of technology and the continuous upgrade of the brightness of electron sources, scientists can now photograph the movement of atoms in complex organic molecules. To demonstrate this technological advancement, the researchers chose an organic crystal called ethylene-dioxy-tetrathiofulvalene (EDO-TTF) for experiments. The crystal loses its electrical conductivity above zero degrees Celsius, but strong laser pulses cause the molecules inside to reorganize, which in turn makes the crystal conductive again, and can therefore be used as an optical switch. The image clearly shows how the atoms irradiated by the electron pulse are rearranged orderly along three different orbital coordinates.
Scientists believe that this technology can help people better grasp the structure and properties of matter, but their goals don't stop there. They more ambitiously hope that this technology will be applied to imaging of biological macromolecules, including proteins and DNA chains, in order to be applied in medical and biotechnology. To this end, CFEL's partner German Electron Synchrotron Research Institute (DESY) has produced the relativistic electron gun REGAE (Relativistic Electron Gun for Atomic Exploration) for atomic exploration, which can generate electrons with higher energy to make the image clearer Wearing thicker experimental samples also increases the accuracy of the image in time and space.
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